Sound interaction with a sloping, upward‐refracting ocean bottom

Baroclinic Vortices over a Sloping Bottom

Nonlinear quasigeostrophic flows in two layers over a topographic slope are considered. Scaling the lower layer potential vorticity equation yields two parameters which indicate the degree of nonlinearity in the lower layer. The first, u' (the strength of the deep flow divided by the product of the effective bottom slope and the squared length scale), is related to the advection of relative vor...

The unknown object problem in a sea with sloping bottom

High-Frequency Sound Interaction in Ocean Sediments

Our long-term goal is to develop accurate models for high-frequency scattering from, penetration into, and propagation within shallow water sediments. Reaching this goal requires a better understanding of several fundamental issues pertinent to high-frequency sediment acoustics. These issues include an understanding of the dominant scatterers versus frequency near the sediment surface, the pote...

Mixing by Tidal Interaction with Sloping Boundaries

The process of mixing by tides interacting with topography involves several stages. First some fraction of the energy contained in the barotropic tide must be converted into baroclinic energy, through the generation of internal tides and turbulent boundary layers. Secondly, the energy in the internal tides must be transmitted into smaller vertical wavelengths, thereby increasing the vertical sh...

Bottom interacting sound at 50 km range in a deep ocean environment.

Data collected during the 2004 Long-range Ocean Acoustic Propagation Experiment provide absolute intensities and travel times of acoustic pulses at ranges varying from 50 to 3200 km. In this paper a subset of these data is analyzed, focusing on the effects of seafloor reflections at the shortest transmission range of approximately 50 km. At this range bottom-reflected (BR) and surface-reflected...